Chemical substances
Because oils and greases have a variety and special properties and more than 85% of machine failures are due to direct oil operation and contamination, so before choosing a good lubricant, factors including viscosity index High, very low coefficient of friction, high lubrication, compatibility with parts, suitable cleaning properties and resistant to rust, corrosion, oxidation, heat and abrasion should be considered. In this regard, Niroo Namad Khorasan Trading Unit is ready to cooperate to supply, import and sell specialized oils and lubricants of Mobile, Castrol, BP, kuber, Shell, Pars, Behran, Iranol, Esso, Total, Texaco Total, Rhenus, Rocol and. .. directly without intermediaries with the guarantee of being original and the best price with the least time.
- Supply and sale of car oil
- Supply and sale of base oil SN150-SN350-SN500-SN650
- Supply and sale of original additives
- Supply and sale of turbine oil
- Supply and sale of transformer oil
- Supply and sale of hydraulic oil
Base Oil
Base oils are obtained by refining mineral base oil or by chemical (synthetic base oil). These oils have boiling points in the range of 550 to 1050 degrees Fahrenheit and contain hydrocarbons with 18-40 carbon atoms, these hydrocarbons can be paraffinic or naphthenic, which depends on the chemical structure of the crude oil.
Base oils are graded under different names:
- Neutral Solvent (SN)
- Bright Stock (BS)
- Neutral (N)
Given that various refining processes that are common today for the production of base oils can lead to the production of base oils with different properties, the American Petroleum Association (API) classifies base oils according to their physical properties. Chemical and their characteristics. Based on API grouping, base oils are divided into 5 general groups: API I, API II, API III, API IV, API V, each of which has sub-branches.
This group of base oils has the lowest degree of purification among other groups. In this group, the purification is usually done by solvent and the mixture after purification is formed of non-uniform hydrocarbon chains. This group is introduced as a base oil with a viscosity index between 120-180 and a sulfur level of more than 0.03%.
The products of this group are named as follows:
SN 80, SN 100, SN 150, SN 250, SN 300, SN 350, SN 400, SN 500, SN 600, SN 650, SN 700, SN 900, SN 1200, BS (Bright Stock)
This type of oil has an average property among group I oils and is mainly used in the production of lubricants and lubricant additives.
Applications
- Casting oil
- Gear oil
- Metalworking fluid
- Hydraulic oil
- Transformer oil
These oils are the same as the mineral oils used in conventional engine oils. In this group, the hydro processing process increases the level of saturation and purification of impurities. Oils in this group are known with a viscosity index between 120-180 and a sulfur level of less than 0.03%.
The products of this group are named as follows:
H 22, H 32, H 46, H 68, H 100, H 150, H 220
Group III base oil has the highest level of refining among mineral oils. Although these oils are not chemically engineered, they show good molecular stability in a wide range of properties. They are usually mixed with additives and marketed as semi-synthetic products.
The products of this group are named as follows:
SH-4, SH-5, SH-6
Group IV base oils contain all poly-alpha olefins (PAOs) that are used in pure form as well as in combination with mineral base oils for lubrication conditions.
Group IV oils are synthetic based and are made chemically.
70N, 100N, 150N, 500N
Group V base oils include other base oils that include all petroleum oils and paraffin oils with medium viscosity index and synthetic liquids such as esters, silicones, polyglycols and vegetable oils. Petroleum oils, which have a low viscosity index due to the low percentage of paraffin in their composition, are also included in this group. Petroleum base oils are produced from crude oil that does not contain paraffin and has a high percentage of petroleum materials (saturated rings).
Crude oil can be extracted from only a few oil fields in the world. Almost all oil fields in the Middle East are paraffinic in nature, so the base oil from their refining is also paraffinic. Petroleum base oils have very low pour points due to the lack of wax (paraffin material), so they are used in the formulation of oils for refrigeration systems.
Transformer oil :
Electricity is one of the most central industries in the economic growth of a country and any country that seeks economic growth has a vital need for the development of the electricity industry. Distribution of electricity from one power plant to different areas requires the use of power transmission and distribution networks, which is done by power, distribution and power transformers.
There are two types of transformer insulation oil bases:
- Mineral oil from crude oil with hydrocarbon oil base (naphthenic, paraffinic)
- Synthetic oils made in the laboratory such as Ascarl, silicone, ester and …
Transformer oil has completely specific uses and a significant amount of it in the facilities of the country’s electricity industry, including oil-filled transformers, high voltage capacitors (ballast), fluorescent lamps, some high voltage switches (high voltage switches) and circuit breakers (circuit breakers) are used.
The main function of oil in equipment is as an electrical insulator and a cooling fluid.
- Electrical insulation
- Internal transformer temperature control and heat transfer
- Prevent corrosion of insulation materials and metal parts of transformers
- Sealing and collecting and transporting impurities from the operation outside the system environment
- Extinguishing the electric spark
- Increase the useful life and ensure the chemical stability of the transformer
- Solubility of various gases
- Defect diagnosis
- Cooling
The main properties of the oil in terms of evaluating its serviceability depend on the conditions of its operation environment, before choosing the oil, the service conditions and the place used should be considered.
- Ambient temperature changes (maximum temperature during the year)
- System load and voltage levels used
- Contamination and impurities present
- Possibility of air presence and its penetration in the oil system
- Space and location of transformer installation in terms of fire and …
- Operations and maintenance of units
- Infiltration of moisture and water
- High and extreme temperatures
- Oxidation and acidification of oils
- Suspended particles and impurities in the oil
In order to know and determine the relationship between oil specifications and service and operation conditions in transformers, the properties of oils can be examined in three general cases, which are the physical, electrical and chemical properties of transformer oils, which are briefly examined.
- Low viscosity
- High flash point and keep it constant
- Compatibility of oil density with the operating conditions of the transformer
- Low point of fall
- Low specific mass
- Do not damage the insulation and metal structure
- High dielectric strength or insulation failure voltage
- Low insulation loss coefficient
- High insulation resistance
- Low amount of corrosive sulfur
- Lack of water soluble in oil
- Oil resistance against oxidation, which includes total acidity and sludge settling in the oil
- The oil must be clean, free of suspended solids, harmful chemicals and water.
- The oil must be chemically stable. Oil changes due to the heat and oxygen in contact with it at the normal operating temperature of the transformer should be as small as possible.
Trans oil in classes I and II from reputable domestic and foreign brands suitable for various types of domestic and foreign transformers in different electrical powers can be referred to reputable brands such as Ninas, Total, Shell, Mill, etc. Some of the most important ones are listed below:
- Nynas Nitro transformer oil
- Shell transformer oil Diyala D, Diala S, Diala DX, Diala D, Diala B, Diala BX
- Shell Diala D, Shell Diala S, Shell Diala DX, Shell Diala D, Shell Diala B, Shell Diala BX
- Chemistry trans oil
- Zangan Trans Oil
- Iranol Trans Oil
- Sepahan Trans Oil I – II
- Total Isovoltine Transformer Oil Total Isovoltine II
- Mobilect 35ct Trans Oil
Turbine oil :
Turbine oil is used in a rotating mechanical device, which converts heat energy into mechanical energy to generate power. In the course of the production of this force, any unforeseen disruption and stoppage will cause a lot of financial damage. Among the companies producing turbine oil, we can name Shell, Mobil, Aso, Behran, Pars, Iranol, Total, etc., which are approved by General Electric, Alstom, Siemens, ABB (which are major manufacturers of turbines). They have, he noted.
- Prevents rust and abrasion
- Proper hydraulic performance
- Lubrication of equipment, gears, bearings and couplings
- Heat transfer and cooling in bearings
The structure of turbine oil is about 97% of mineral base oil and the rest contains booster additives, so providing most of the properties of this oil is the responsibility of the base oil and should be very careful to choose the base oil used in turbine oil. .
The geometric shape of the turbine, the operating wheels, the frequency of repairs, the operating temperature, the operating hours and the exposure to pollution are factors that play a role in the selection of turbine oil. Apart from the above, one of the main determinants of turbine oil is the oxidation stability that the oxidation stability depends on heat, air in the water and pollutants.
The structure of turbine oil is such that unlike engine oil, water enters them. Also, turbine oils, unlike engine oils, do not need to be changed at regular and frequent times, and no cleaning additive is added to this category of lubricants. Additives that increase the life of the turbine oil include oxidation, rust and anti-emulsion inhibitors. Turbine oil has a long life and is stored in tanks with a capacity of between 1000 and 20,000 gallons.
Another key issue that is evaluated as part of the selection process is the vendor service and commitment that must be considered when preparing oil for steam, gas, water and air turbines.
Steam turbine: The useful life of oil in a steam turbine that is produced from quality base oil and good additives will be between 1 to 15 years. When oil in steam turbines is degraded prematurely, the main cause is oxidation due to the effects of water.
Gas turbines: In this type of turbines, due to the high temperature of the operation, the use of oil suitable for the temperature and operating conditions of the manufacturer is recommended. . Therefore, the OEM emphasizes that RPVOT-ASTM D2272 and ASTM D943 tests (tests to measure oxidation stability in gas turbine oil) be performed to measure the oxidation stability of oil at high temperatures.
Water turbines: Due to the permanent presence of water in this type of turbines, the oil used must have special anti-corrosion, anti-oxidation, anti-emulsion and hydraulic stability properties. The main grades used in this type of turbine are ISO VG 46.68.
Wind turbines: The oils used in this type of turbine are usually synthetic based. Such turbines need turbine oil that is highly resistant to oxidation. In this type of turbine, the oil is in direct contact with the metal surface, which has a temperature of about 204 to 316 degrees Celsius.
Features of turbine oil
- Viscosity
- Viscosity index
- Oil layer strength
- Prevent oxidation
- Prevent corrosion, wear and rust
- Detachable from the weather
- Detachable from foaming
In turbines, due to the importance and sensitivity of the work, more attention has been paid by the turbine manufacturers to the issues related to oil and its storage conditions. Depending on the type of turbine (gas, steam, water), special conditions are considered for oil storage. One of the most important things to consider is to follow the tips to prevent contamination of turbine oil, because in addition to the loss of oil, serious damage to the turbine bearings, which requires a lot of time and money to repair.
- Degradation due to oxidation
- Thermal degradation
- Accumulation of water in the device
- Consumption of additives
- Infiltration of contaminants
- Mobil Pyrotec HFD 46 turbine oil
- Mobile DTE Turbine Oil 798 – 846 – 832 – 825 -798, 846, 832, 825 Mobil DTE
- Esso Teresstic T 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 Esso Teresstic T 32, 46, 68, 100
- Esso Teresstic EP 46 turbine oil
- Shell Turbo Oil GT 32
- Shell Turbo Oil T 32 – 46 – 68 – 78 – 100 Shell Turbo Oil T 32,46, 68,78,100
- Castrol Perfecto T 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 Castrol Perfecto T 32,46,68,100
- Sepahan GT 22 – 46 – 68 – 100 turbine oil
Silicone oil :
Silicone oil is a type of liquid silicone impregnated with organic side chains. This oil is tasteless, odorless, non-toxic and non-flammable and has been welcomed in the trade due to its lubricating properties and relatively high thermal stability. The main constituents of these polymers are the variable atoms of silicon and oxygen.
- Chemical stability
- Heat resistant
- Anti-foam property
- Non-adhesive to rubber, plastic, metal and other materials
- Anti-corrosion property
- Lubricating properties
- Very low surface tension
- Good dielectric factor
- Low steam pressure
- Water repellent
- Anti-cut
- chemical industry
- Medical industry
- Car industry
- Fabric industries
- Electronic Communications
- Food industry
- Space industries and …
Compressor oil :
The formulation of compressor oil production depends on the type of compressor and the type of compressed gas and pressure. It is very important to use suitable and specialized compressor oil in compressors. The structure of compressor oil, like other oils, consists of two main parts: base oil and additive. The main functions of compressor oil are lubrication of internal parts, cooling, sealing and prevention of corrosion and wear. Mineral-based compressor oil is suitable for normal working conditions with non-reactive gases, and synthetic-based oil is used for harsh working conditions with high temperature and pressure with gases that are reactive with mineral-based oils.
Compressor oil is selected based on the type of compressor, the type of compressor operation, the type of compressed gas and the manufacturer’s recommendation.
Compressor oils are selected based on the type of compressor, operating conditions in terms of temperature, pressure and type of gas with the following characteristics:
- Oxidation resistance
- Thermal stability
- Low carbon residue at high temperatures (high pressure reciprocating compressors)
- Compatibility with compressed gas
- Maintain viscosity (resistance to dilution with compressed gas)
- Anti-wear properties (vane rotary compressor)
- Prevent gas leakage
- General lubrication
- Heat dissipation
- Prevent corrosion
- Compatible with compressor parts
- Good demolition
- Clean and free of particles
- Low tendency to foam
- Low flammability
- viscosity
- Viscosity index
- Pour point
- Inertia point
- steam pressure
- Combustion point
- Flash point
- Spontaneous combustion temperature
- Shell Corena S3 R Compressor Oil 46 – 68 Shell Corena S3 R 46, 68
- Shell Corena S2 P Compressor Oil 68 – 100 – 150 Shell Corena S2 P 68,100,150
- Ingersoll Rand SSR Ultra Coolant Compressor Oil
- Mobile Rarus Compressor Oil 424 – 425 – 426 – 427 – 429 – 827 – 829 Mobil Rarus 424,425,426,427,429,827,829
- Behran VDL 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 – 150 VDL compressor oil 32,46,68,100,150
- Total DACNIS P 220 CD Compressor Oil Total DACNIS P 220 CD
- Total Dacnis P 68 Compressor Oil – 100 – 150-100,150 Total Dacnis P 68,
Gas compressor oil:
Shell Madrela T – Compressor Oil Shell Madrela T, G
Car oil :
Engine oil is one of the most widely used lubricants in the market. Based on this, various standards and classifications for engine oil have been presented, which are three important references for standardization in the automotive industry and related industries:
- US API
- ACE Europe
- ILSAC Asia
Engine oils are divided into three general types:
- Mineral (organic)
- Synthetic
- (Premium) Semi-synthetic
The level of oil quality indicates which type of engine is suitable for which engine, which model and which type of fuel. In other words, the quality level of an engine oil indicates the standard of that oil. The important point is that engine oil is produced according to the type and power of the engine with different standards. The difference between these oils, regardless of the base oil, depends on the type and amount of additives in them. Engine oil quality level is indicated by abbreviations, which briefly refer to the most important ones.
- Lubrication of moving parts of the engine
- Minimize friction and erosion
- Helps reduce heat and cool parts
- Removal of sludge, dust, soot, foreign matter and engine deposits
- Sealing between the piston rings and the cylinder body and other spacing of parts
- Suspend fine particles and prevent them from sticking together
- Prevent rusting of metal parts
- Reduce the impact force on bearings and other engine parts
Additives cause special properties in oil and it can be classified into three categories:
1- Surface protection additives
- Anti-wear
- Corrosion inhibitors and stainless steel
- cleaners
- Dispersers
- Friction improvers
2- Additives that increase the efficiency of engine oil
- Fall point lowering
- Felt bowl swellings
- Viscosity index improver
3- Additives that protect engine oil
- Defoamers
- Anti-oxidation
- Metal surface deactivators
Engine oil change intervals depend on the type of engine and its operating conditions. The right time to change the oil should be determined by examining the condition of the used oil. Engine oils that are made from high quality base oils and have a suitable additive package added to them will have a long life if used in the engine. In a quality engine oil, due to the presence of cleaning and suspending agents, the engine oil keeps the soot from combustion suspended and as a result turns black during operation. Therefore, blackening of the oil is not a definite reason for its poor quality and does not mean that it is damaged and it is time to change the oil.
Oils are produced with different viscosities for different climatic conditions. Low viscosity oil is effective in winter because if high viscosity oil is used, engine lubrication will be delayed until it heats up and during this time the oil will not reach all parts of the engine. In summer, high viscosity oil is used because low viscosity oil causes wear of engine parts.
Recently, with the use of multi-viscosity or multi-grade oils, the need to change the oil has changed to some extent with the change of seasons or climatic conditions, but the use of only one type of multi-grade mineral oil is not recommended for all seasons.
The Association of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has classified the viscosity of oils by numbers for ease of use, which is between 0 and 60 for engine oils. Summer oils have a viscosity range of 30 to 60 and winter engine oils have a viscosity range of 0 to 25. For easier detection, after the viscosity number of winter oils, the letter W is inserted, which stands for Winter. Because this classification was developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers, the acronym (SAE) is always written before the viscosity number is entered.
Oils that have only one viscosity are called single viscosities. Oils that have been produced in recent years with the help of chemistry and by adding polymer to the base oil have the ability to have different viscosities at different temperatures. This causes the oil to have the necessary concentration in all weather conditions and in addition to increasing engine life, it will also reduce fuel consumption to some extent. Therefore, single-viscosity oils are becoming obsolete, and the only use of this type of oil is in passenger cars that have oil heaters.
The SAE code in multigrade oils is in two parts, the first number with the letter W corresponds to the lowest viscosity of the oil and the second number indicates its highest viscosity. As mentioned, multi-viscosity oils by adding polymer Made of oil, these polymers allow the oil to have different viscosities at different temperatures. In cold weather, the polymers accumulate and make the oil flow more easily, and in the heat, the polymers begin to open in long chains and the oil thickens, but this increase and decrease in viscosity is only to the extent specified for the same oil. Is.
The important point in using multigrade oils is to choose the oil with the lowest viscosity distance. Oils that cover very high to very low temperatures use a lot of polymers, these polymers break down after a while and combine with the deposits in the oil, which can cause the ring to stick or problems with This is why the use of these oils in diesel engines is more harmful.
- Easier engine start
- Reduce engine wear
- Increase battery life and starter
- Reduce fuel consumption
- Reduce oil burning
- Use of an oil all year round and excellent efficiency at high temperatures
- Castrol model GTX with viscosity SAE 20W50
- Castrol Magnetic model with SAE 10W40 viscosity
- Total Energy model with viscosity of SAE 10W40
- ELF Iran Competition model with viscosity SAE 10W40
- Behran ordinary model with viscosity of SAE 20W50
- Behran Super Vanguard model with viscosity of SAE 20W50
- Behran Rana model with SAE 5W30 viscosity
- Behran Taktaz model with viscosity of SAE 15W40
- Sepahan oil, super speed model with SAE 20W50 viscosity
- Iranol model 16000 with viscosity of SAE 20W50
- Iranol Racing model with SAE 10W40 viscosity
American Petroleum Association
According to the API standard, the quality level of gasoline engine oil is indicated by the English letter S, which stands for SERVICE, and diesel engine oil is indicated by the English letter C, which stands for COMMERCIAL. The quality level of each of these two groups of oils is determined by the letters (in alphabetical order) written after the letter S or C. Accordingly, the oil with API SA standard is a gasoline oil with a very low level of quality, and API SM oil is the latest level of quality of gasoline oils produced, which is used in new generation engines. In some quality levels of diesel oils, the number 4 is used, which means that the engine is four-stroke. Today, the last level of quality of diesel engine oils is CJ-4.
The following tables show the quality improvement of API SA, SB, SC gasoline oils.
The following tables show the quality improvement of API SA, SB, SC gasoline oils.
It is an oil based on crude oil and is the same oil that has been used in cars for many years.
It is an oil that is not produced by refining crude oil but from chemical compounds or polymerization of hydrocarbons (Olefins). This oil was first used in jet engines, but due to its advantages over mineral oil, their use in cars also increased. There are many different types of synthetic oils that differ in quality and type of consumption. Among these oils, PAO (Poly Alpha Olefins) oil, which also contains small amounts of Ester, has the highest efficiency.
Properties of synthetic oils
- Reduce oil consumption due to its longer life
- Non-eating and non-toxic
- Low evaporation
- High burning temperature
- High oxidation resistance
- Having a high viscosity index naturally (rapid reaction to temperature changes)
- Reduce fuel consumption by 4.2%
- Low lubrication point
- Ability to use oils with high viscosity range without worrying about polymer failure
Disadvantages of synthetic oils
- Their high price
- Complete incompatibility with engines with old technology
Semi-synthetic
It is a mixture of synthetic and mineral oils that do not have the quality of synthetic oils but in better conditions, such as high temperatures or high pressure, perform better than the mineral type. It is mostly used for vans and SUVs and its price is a little more than minerals.
To find out which of the above oils is suitable for the car, you can refer to the car manual or labels inside the engine compartment, and if the type of oil is not specified, it means the same old type of mineral. The use of mineral or semi-synthetic oils for an engine in which only the use of synthetic oils is recommended can be harmful to the engine, but in contrast to the use of synthetic or semi-synthetic oils for engines designed to use the mineral type with precautions In particular, it is considered safe by manufacturers of synthetic oils, but many experts for some reason consider it wrong and harmful. Semi-synthetic oils, as mentioned, are a mixture of mineral and synthetic oils and can cause the same problems as synthetic oils for engines made for mineral oils.
Hydraulic oil :
Hydraulic oil is one of the most important groups of lubricants, accounting for almost one-fifth of the lubricant market. This oil contains base oil and additives, the quality and efficiency of hydraulic oil depends on the quality of the base oil and the composition of the additives used.
Mineral base oils (paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils) are used as hydraulic oils or hydraulic base oils. Hydraulic oils based on synthetic oils (poly-alpha-olefins, ester oils and polyglycols) prepared by hydro-fracture method are mainly used as fire-retardant oils as well as biodegradable oils. In addition, vegetable oils are used as biodegradable oils.
Hydraulic oils used in the food industry are also mainly based on white oil, poly-alpha olefins and polyglycols.
Hydraulic oil is more diverse than other types of lubricants not only due to lubrication but also in the ways through which power is transmitted in the hydraulic system and in order to play the best role in this field, it needs a coefficient of accumulation, viscosity , High viscosity index and suitable additives.
- Viscosity
Pressure and operating temperature directly affect the viscosity of the oil, so the initial choice of oil should be based on its viscosity.
- additives
The addition of these materials improves the properties of hydraulic oil such as protection against corrosion and abrasion, compressibility, viscosity behavior with temperature changes, foaming, water separation ability, coefficient of friction, cleaning and long-term stability.
The most important additives used in hydraulic oils are:
- Surfactants such as rust inhibitors, metal deactivators, anti-wear additives, friction improvers, cleaners and dispersants
- Basic oil preservatives such as oxidation inhibitors, anti-foaming additives, viscosity index improvers and drop point improvers
- Transfer power from one point to another
- Lubrication of various parts of a system and protection of parts against friction, wear and rust
- Heat transfer generated in the system
- Sealing and pressure supply
- Protect the system against corrosion
- Increase device life
The above shows the importance of choosing hydraulic oil. Parameters to consider when choosing a hydraulic oil include operating temperature, oil viscosity, compatibility of the oil with system components (such as fluids, plastics and rubber), oil layer strength, system pressure and system response speed.
In most equipments that need lubrication, there are many parameters that are effective in choosing a lubricant. The fact that a particular product is used in equipment does not mean that the product is suitable for use. Most lubricants that do not have the required specifications do not cause irreparable damage but reduce the average life of the equipment and are therefore ignored.
Hydraulic oils should be selected according to the specifications provided by the manufacturers. When choosing an oil, always consider the operating temperature range of the oil. In some cases, oil with the specifications recommended by the device manufacturer may not provide the necessary protection of the system due to unusual operating conditions of the system.
If this happens, it is advisable to consult a device manufacturer, an oil manufacturer, and an independent oil analysis laboratory.
- Resistant to oxidation and heat.
- Resistant to hydrolysis.
- Has rust protection properties.
- Has the property of separating from water.
- It has anti-wear properties (this property is very necessary in today’s hydraulic systems that work at high pressure).
- Has anti-corrosion properties.
- It must have good filtration properties, at least contaminants up to five microns must be easily removed from the oil by the filter, especially in systems operating at high pressure.
- It has anti-foam and air release properties.
- It is resistant to shear forces and is compatible with fluids and system building materials.
- In addition to the above, hydraulic oil must have a long service life.
Most people believe that industrial oils such as hydraulic oils, like engine oils, should have a specific operating time (mileage of engine oil), while this is the case in industrial oils with a wide range of equipment, different operating conditions and types of work. It depends on what the oil does in the system. Therefore, it is not possible to define the same operating time for all types of hydraulic oils in all systems and make it the basis of the system. Therefore, one of the following two methods is used to determine the life of hydraulic oil.
Device manufacturer recommendation
– Most manufacturers of devices in the manual of their production equipment specify the type of oil required, specifications and quality levels for the consumer so that the user is not confused to choose the right oil.
– Some equipment manufacturers do not mention the time of operation of the oil in the manual. In such cases, the consumer chooses the right oil with the advice of lubrication experts, who are usually reputable lubricant manufacturers. Then, under the supervision of lubrication specialists, during the operation of the system, at certain intervals, they take samples of the oil in the system for quality tests and check the condition of the oil. Using the knowledge of lubrication experts, the results obtained from these tests can be used to determine the end-life of hydraulic oil in the system.
** The use of CM program in industrial systems to manage lubrication in the factory and prevent serious damage to equipment and huge repair costs to the system, is always the main advice of lubrication experts.
Here are some important tips for these oils:
- Keep the hydraulic oil cool.
- Keep the hydraulic oil clean.
- Keep the hydraulic oil dry.
- Repair oil leaks immediately.
Due to the basic and important role of hydraulic fluid (transmission), the issue of its pollution is very important. According to maintenance experts, about 80% of failures in the hydraulic system are a direct result of fluid contamination. Therefore, by choosing a suitable fluid and also controlling the pollutants, the damages caused by the pollutants can be minimized.
The following factors cause contamination of hydraulic oil:
- Excessive heat
- Pollution of solid particles
- Water pollution
- Air pollution
- Leak problem
Hydraulic fluid can contain mineral oil, synthetic oil or fire-fighting fluid, which can be used in all machines and equipment. Hydraulic systems play an important role in many industries including agriculture and construction, food and packaging industries, wood industry, shipbuilding, mining and steel industries, aviation and aerospace, medicine, environment and chemical industries.
The most important brands used for hydraulic oil are Shell, Total, Behran, Iranol, etc. In this regard, the following can be mentioned:
- Shell Tellus S2 V 15 – 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 Shell Tellus S2 V 15, S2 V 32, S2 V 46, S2 V 68, S2 V 100
- Shell Tellus S3 M 32 – S3 M 46, S3 M 46, S3 M 68, S3 M 100
- Iranol hydraulic oil H22, H32, H46, H68, H100, H150, H220, 10W
- Iranol hydraulic oil GTL 9 – 65 GTL 9, GTL 65
- Mobil EAL Hydraulic Oil
- Mobil DTE Excel 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 Mobil DTE Excel 32, 46, 68, 100
- Total EQUIVIS ZS 15 – 22 – 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 Total EQUIVIS ZS 15, 22,32,46,68,100
- Behran T 22 – 32 – 46 – 68 – 100 T 22, T 32, T 46, T 68, T 100 hydraulic oil
Grace :
Grease is a gelatinous solid or semi-solid substance that consists of a base oil (mineral or synthetic oils) as a lubricant, a hardener (metal soaps, polymers and minerals) as a carrier of base oils and additives. Is.
After oils, lubricant has the highest consumption of lubricants and due to the presence of filler in it, it adheres to moving parts and does not separate from the part under gravity, centrifugal force and pressure. Therefore, they are used in places where the oils are no longer responsive, such as when the lubricant should act as a barrier to the entry of dust or exit of some materials from the machines, or the position of movement between the two surfaces is such that the lubricant is needed. Requires semi-solid such as industrial gears, large bearings, pulleys and the like. Lubricants such as oil are used to reduce friction and erosion between two moving parts to the lowest possible extent.
- Longer shelf life of lubrication (some greases are made to remain in the part as a seal and its life is the same as the part).
- Ease of use and reduction in the number of lubrications, which reduces costs and repairs.
- More complete sealing of systems, reduction of leaks and no dripping during operation
- Better adhesion
- To prevent rusting of the part, especially when a part is not used and the lubricant is removed.
- No problem of lubrication in the presence of water
- Reduce noise and vibration and smooth operation on some devices such as large gears
- Simplicity of lubrication system design
- Low cooling during operation
- Inability to penetrate small parts and ducts of devices
- Lack of ease of packaging and storage
- Inability to clean and remove contaminants from the surfaces of moving parts
- Type, speed and temperature of machine operation and ambient humidity
- Temperature changes
- Ability to prevent rust and corrosion of machine parts
- Compatibility with rubber and plastic parts in contact
- Grease life and rework grease conditions
The variety of oils and the type of hardener creates different greases with different performance. The hardener is the main factor for controlling dehydration, high temperature performance and service life, as well as the ability to adhere to the desired points. The most common greases are soap thickeners, which include plain soap, mixed soap, and complex soaps. Among these, calcium and lithium soap greases are more commonly used. In special cases, grease with non-soap thickeners is also produced and consumed.
The amount of soap for grease production is usually between 7-18%, which in some cases may reach 3 to 50%.
Simple soap grease
Greases prepared with calcium, lithium, sodium and aluminum soaps
The metal in the construction of greases has an important effect on the properties of greases
Lithium and sodium greases are more resistant to high heat treatment
Apart from sodium grease, other soap greases are water resistant.
Mixing soap grease
The firming agent of some greases is a mixture of two or more soaps, which makes them more suitable for general use and under normal conditions than plain soap in terms of quality and price.
Complex soap grease
In these greases, the thickener consists of a soap and a salt of a low molecular weight acid. Soap and salt are combined in a complex way and create special properties in grease fibers.
Non-soap grease
Their thickeners are made of materials such as graphite, silica gel, and bentonite soils and special polymers. These greases usually have a droplet point and higher thermal stability than soap-based greases.
Types of greases
Like base oils and hardeners, there are different types of grease additives. These additives prevent corrosion and abrasion, improve adhesion and prevent damage to moving surfaces under lubrication conditions. Therefore, these additives play an important role in the quality, scope of application and efficiency of grease.
Types of additives
Drop Point
The drip point does not determine the temperature of the grease, but should generally be 30-40 degrees Celsius above the maximum operating temperature of the machine.
Color
The color of the grease depends on the base oil and soap with which it is made, this feature does not play a role in the quality of the grease.
Fillers
These materials are added to the grease in solid or liquid form for special applications. Pressure-tolerant (EP) additives are among them.
mechanical resistance
This option shows the resistance of the grease to withstand mechanical functions. If the grease is not selected according to the type of operation of the device, its structure will collapse and it will no longer be able to lubricate.
Maximum allowable operating temperature
Temperature plays a key role in choosing grease. The operating temperature of the grease varies depending on its type and is an important indicator in the selection of grease.
Reversibility
Greases that lose their original structure when they reach their maximum operating temperature and completely disintegrate are called irreversible greases, in which case the grease must be replaced. In contrast, greases that regain their gelatinous state are called reversible greases.
Service life
Service life is the intervals when the grease must be replaced according to the type of application.
